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<div class="font-claude-response relative leading-[1.65rem] [&_pre>div]:bg-bg-000/50 [&_pre>div]:border-0.5 [&_pre>div]:border-border-400 [&_.ignore-pre-bg>div]:bg-transparent [&_.standard-markdown_:is(p,blockquote,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)]:pl-2 [&_.standard-markdown_:is(p,blockquote,ul,ol,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)]:pr-8 [&_.progressive-markdown_:is(p,blockquote,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)]:pl-2 [&_.progressive-markdown_:is(p,blockquote,ul,ol,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)]:pr-8">
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<p class="font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal" dir="ltr">Caste-based reservation is often discussed as if it were unique to India, but group-based preferential policies exist in several democracies around the world &mdash; and comparing them puts the local debate in sharper perspective. This resource, part of the broader Reservation Hatao Andolan research hub, walks through how the United States handled race-conscious college admissions until the Supreme Court struck the practice down in 2023, how Malaysia's decades-old Bumiputera policy continues to grant preferences to ethnic Malays, how South Africa's Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment framework structures race-based economic policy, and how Brazil's Lei de Cotas has shaped racial and social quotas in public universities since 2012. Each system is placed side-by-side with India's own central and state-wise reservation percentages, so readers can see where India's approach sits relative to other countries &mdash; whether it's more expansive, more restrictive, or structurally different altogether. Read the full comparison, along with state-wise data, court case history, and exam cutoff numbers, as part of the ongoing Reservation Hatao Andolan tracker.

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